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06.03.2023Personal Finance Defined: A Guide to Maximizing Your Money
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Personal Finance Defined: The How-to Guide to Maximizing Your Financial Wealth
Finance for the individual is the practice of making money, preserving money, accumulating wealth and protecting assets.
Written by Hal M. Bundrick, CFP(r) Senior Writer | Personal Finance, financial planning, investments Hal M. Bundrick is a personal finance writer as well as an NerdWallet expert in money matters. He is certified as a financial planner and former financial consultant and senior expert in investing with Wall Street firms. Hal advised families, business owners trusts, non-profits and nonprofits and the management of group retirement plans for employees across both the South as well as the Midwest. Hal is now working to make financial concepts understandable and clear.
Jul 12 2022
Editor: Kathy Hinson Lead Assigning Editor Personal financial, credit scoring, managing money and debt Kathy Hinson leads the core personal finance team at NerdWallet. In the past, she worked for 18 years at The Oregonian in Portland in roles including copy desk chief and team leader for design and editing. Her previous experience includes copy editing and news for several Southern California newspapers, including the Los Angeles Times. She received a bachelor’s degree in journalism and mass communications at the University of Iowa.
The majority or all of the products featured here come from our partners who compensate us. This affects the products we review and the location and manner in which the product appears on a page. However, it does not affect our assessments. Our views are our own. Here’s a list of and .
What is personal finance?
Personal finance refers to all aspects associated with managing your money. It could refer to issues as basic as tracking your spending and saving money or as complex as taxation and estate planning. (Note that this is only one of many .)
What is the importance of personal finances?
Financial decisions can be stressful. In fact, 4 out of 5 Americans (80 percent) report that they delay financial decisions, while 35% of those who delay those decisions say they’re overwhelmed by the thought of them. This is based on the June 2022 NerdWallet survey conducted online through The Harris Poll.
But take each element one aspect at a time. Learn it, and then move on. Personal finance is essential since it covers four crucial aspects of ensuring your security and well-being 1)) Making money. 2) saving money. 3) Wealth creation. 4) Protecting assets.
The missions may overlap in your life. It’s likely you’ve already accomplished some of the basic tasks. Knowing that can provide you with confidence in the next job that is designed to make the most of your investment.
Examples of personal financial situations in everyday life
Personal finance is more than just a theory in a textbook. It is the foundation of living your life to your own preferences.
As an example, you should manage your cash flow so that you’re able to have enough money. Save for the future so you can explore career options and not be stuck in a job because you have a mountain of bills to pay.
Understanding how your personal finances work can empower you.
While 39% of Americans say they feel anxious when making financial decisions According to the study 30% are confident and 17% are ecstatic that it’s possible to feel good when navigating your financial situation. Understanding how it all functions will be the very first thing in creating confidence.
13 fundamentals of personal finance
Many financial fundamentals are achievable on your own, with a little organization and a desire to make the most of your earnings. Planning for your estate and tax planning, as well as investing, usually require expert assistance.
1. Earning money
It’s very likely that you’ll find millionaires in your neighborhood who you would never suspect as being wealthy. They could earn a lot less money than you would imagine to make an enormous sum.
Some people are mentally wired for frugality. We all have to work hard to set aside just a few dollars. This is where the old adage, «it’s not what you make, it’s what you keep» comes into play.
Here are some key personal finance concepts the following:
Net income
Your take-home pay, or after deductions, is the amount you have to spend. It’s the building block of your budgeting process. It’s crucial to understand how much you’ll be receiving after all tax, insurance and benefits are paid out to spend only the money you actually have to put in your bank.
Side income
Are you looking to earn money, but aren’t certain where to begin? NerdWallet has compiled over two dozen legitimate ways to make money -regardless of whether you’re in the streets — and listed each option in relation to the speed at which you can start and get paid.
While most people prefer fast cash, don’t overlook the «slow» jobs, since they may pay higher in the end.
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2. Management of money
Banking
Nearly 2 in five (38 percent) Americans are likely to put off opening a brand new bank account or selecting the right bank according to the study. But deciding which are best can reduce your expenses and help you save more money.
Checking account balances
Learn more about this one of the most basic kinds of accounts that are available to consumers.
Savings accounts
Get advice on and find accounts with low fees and the best interest rates.
Certificates of Deposit
A CD account is a good method to earn assured returns from your funds with little risk. CDs tend to offer the highest rates of interest in bank accounts, and they are federally insured, in contrast to investments stored in bonds and stocks.
Renting versus buying a home
Should you rent or buy an investment property? Utilize our tool to discover which one is the most suitable for you.
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3. Building a budget
systems have been designed in order to assist you understand and assess your relationship with money. Although they all share a similar goal, they often use different strategies to get there.
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4. Saving money
Interest
is the cash you receive for loaning out funds, as well as the cash you pay when you borrow money. In essence it’s the price you pay to use funds of another.
Emergency fund
A reserve is money that is set aside to cover large unanticipated expenses, such as:
Unforeseen medical bills.
Repair or replacement for your home appliance.
Major car repair.
Unemployment.
Health savings accounts
A , is a great option to help you save money for medical expenses and reduce your taxable income. However, not all people canor ought to sign up for the kind of health insurance policy that you need to sign up for an HSA.
The savings to purchase a home
Determine the amount of down payment you’ll need. employ money-saving strategies and keep savings in the right type of account. Here are five tips on .
Saving for college
A 529 plan could be an excellent method to save money for college if you understand the rules and ways to optimize your investment. It is kind of savings and investment account in which money grows tax-free if the withdrawals are for qualified education expenses. The name is derived from a section of the IRS code.
There are two types that 529 plan. .
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5. Maximizing your credit card
Finding the best is part art, part science.
No single credit card is superior to all other cards in every category — or for all types of people. However, by analyzing your options and asking the relevant questions, you’ll choose the credit card that is the most appropriate for your spending habits and credit situation.
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6. Borrowing money
Vehicle loans
Get help finding the right vehicle loan and also find options if you’re having trouble. The has calculators and tips about affordability, down payment and charges.
Student loans
Do you need to refinance your mortgage ? If yes, how do you find the right lender or the right payment plan? NerdWallet has put together the information that you require to answer these questions and many more.
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Personal loans
Personal loans have fixed annual percentage rates, ranging from 6% to 36 percent. The loan with the lowest rate is the cheapest- and usually the most suitable choice. Other benefits include no fees as well as soft credit checks. whether lenders directly pay the creditors in the event of consolidating debt. set some loans apart.
We spent many hours reviewing loans from more than 30 personal loan firms to determine the lowest rates on the internet and loan features.
Mortgages
Easily compare and find the smartest mortgage for you. Whatever your dream of buying a house you’ll find the right tools, calculators, and nerdy expertise to help you achieve them.
Compare the mortgage rates.
Be preapproved.
Calculate your mortgage’s payment.
Consider refinancing options.
Calculate the value of your home.
Find the best mortgage lender.
Home equity
It is often claimed that home ownership creates wealth. So, what exactly is home equity, and how can it enhance your net worth? Home equity is the current market value of your house less what you have to pay. You’re seeking an amount that is positive. Any gains are due to: 1) Paying down the principal balance of your loan. 2) An increase in the value of your loan over time.
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7. Your credit score
Factors affecting credit scores
The credit score can be described as a numerical number that lenders employ to decide how risky to loan you money or offer you credit. Your score, along with other factors like your income and debt aid lenders in deciding whether to accept your credit application and determine your interest rates.
Two factors are the most important in your credit report: whether or not you pay your bills on time, and how much of your credit card’s limits you utilize (less is more).
How to build credit
If you don’t have credit history, it can be hard to get a loan, a credit card or even an apartment.
But how are you supposed to show a history of good repayment when no one will give you credit in the first place?
Many tools can be used to help you set up the foundation for . Here’s how:
It is important to keep an eye over your credit report as it could affect how much you pay for auto as well as home insurance. your ability to rent a house or apartment, or even your chance of securing certain job offers.
It’s a bit like checking your blood pressure to see how your new exercise program and diet are altering it. It’s unlikely you’ll notice steady progression that is unbroken, but it may tell you if you’re on the right course. An unexpected, unproven shift of your credit scores or reports should get your attention as it could be a sign of an identity theft issue or a mistake on your credit reports.
How can I rebuild credit
Restoring damaged credit is tougher than starting from scratch. You’re trying to show the credit card companies and lenders that despite a few slip-ups by you or catastrophes that you didn’t have anything to be responsible for, you’re likely to continue to pay as agreed. Think about these .
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8. Taxes
Find the federal tax brackets or the most effective tax software to estimate your tax bill- or refund at the . You can monitor your state and federal tax refunds and learn the latest deductions and tax breaks.
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9. In the process of paying off the balance of
Strategies for paying down debt
More than 1 in 5 (22 percent) Americans are likely to put off putting together plans to pay off debt in the wake of the survey. But getting out of financial debt you can probably do on your own using proper tools, and the motivation.
Learn from people who have been there. The NerdWallet’s series fought off thousands of dollars in debt with clever strategies and everyday tricks.
can help you wrangle . It shows your debt-free date when you pay your current bills and how fast you’ll get there by increasing your monthly payments. It also lets you compare and payoff strategies.
Are you able to pay off your mortgage?
If you’re thinking about making your mortgage payment, you’re in an enviable position. That’s assuming you are maxing those retirement funds, established an emergency fund and have found yourself with large sums of money in reserve to cover the mortgage loan debt.
Perhaps you’re thinking of a way option to pay off that mortgage more quickly.
There are a variety of reasons why you might want to pay off that mortgage. But should you?
How many times do you think it is too much?
Are you concerned about having too much debt? Add up your monthly debt repayments (like car loans or credit card bills as well as child care) and then divide it by monthly income to get . A higher DTIs are often difficult to pay off and make obtaining new lines of credit difficult.
For example for example, a DTI greater than 43% can be excessive and indicate you require debt relief.
Relief from debt/bankruptcy
Do you find you’re just not making progress on your debts no matter the effort you put into it? If yes, you could have a problem with overwhelming debt.
To get rid of the financial strain, you should look at your options. These tools could alter the terms or amount of which you are able to get back on the right track more quickly.
But these programs aren’t the best solution for all. Learn to recognize .
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10. Insurance
It is the exchange of riskfor a fee. A company is paid to accept limited risk in the case of injury, death, disability or damage to property. It’s one of the pillars of personal finance. Your insurance needs will vary over time and depend on family needs and your own personal financial situation.
Life insurance
ensures that anyone who relies on your financial support. If you die unexpectedly life insurance will provide money that can be used to replace your income, pay off a mortgage, or cover your children’s college tuition or whatever other expense you wish to cover.
Insurance for home owners
Your home is more than an overhang for your head. It may be your most valuable assetand one that you cannot afford to replace out of pocket should disaster strike. This is why safeguarding your investment by securing it with the proper insurance is so important.
Auto insurance
Car insurance on average is $1,592 per year, according to NerdWallet’s 2021 rate analysis. Shopping around for insurance quotes regularly, among other factors, can help lower the cost of insurance.
Annuities
Annuities are financial products that can provide steady income in retirement. Annuities can be complex. Learn more about how annuities operate as well as the pros and cons and how annuities compare with IRAs.
Long-term care
It’s hard to think about but you’re likely to require some assistance in to take care of yourself in the future. The big question is: How will you pay for it?
Insuring long-term health insurance is one way to prepare. Long-term care is various services that aren’t covered under traditional health insurance. It helps pay for the cost of that care when you are suffering from a chronic medical condition, a disability or a illness such as Alzheimer’s disease.
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11. Making an investment
To purchase stocks, you’ll require an account with a brokerage company, which you can set up in just 15 minutes. Once you’ve added money to the account, you’ll have to follow the steps .
Retirement accounts
A retirement account for individuals or IRA, is a tax-free investment account that people can use to save for retirement. Contributions to certain IRAs may be tax-deductible, or withdrawals can be tax-free.
There are a variety of IRAs like the traditional type, Roth, SEP or SIMPLE. The IRAs can be purchased from banks, robo-advisors or brokers.
Investing in a brokerage account
A standard , or taxable account has no tax advantages for investing through the account. In the majority of instances the profits you earn from investments will be taxed.
On the plus side, this means that there are few guidelines for these accounts: You can pull your money out at any time, for reasons of any kind, and put it into in as much as you’d like.
Funds that are exchange traded and/or mutual.
Mutual fund investors own shares in a company that purchases shares of other businesses (or in bonds or any other security). They don’t hold the shares of the companies the fund purchases however, they share equally in the profits or losses of the fund’s overall holdings — hence the «mutual» in mutual funds.
They can be traded as individual stocks, but they offer the diversification advantages of mutual funds. In most cases, ETFs will have a lower investment requirement than index funds.
Fixed-income investments
Such as government bonds and corporate bonds, can provide a reliable, steady source of income, often with lower risk than other investments.
Along with stocks and mutual funds Fixed-income investments are the backbone of a well-diversified portfolio of investments.
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12. Starting or running an enterprise
From loans to reviews of lenders, we’ll connect you with the right sources to manage your business:
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13. Travel
Do you have a dream of a vacation? NerdWallet has the right tools and suggestions to aid you in comparing and locating the most effective way ways to make your next vacation cost-effective as you can.
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Learn more about personal finance
Are you looking to know more about every facet of personal finance that was mentioned earlier? Listen to fascinating and informative conversations about money matters at any time by listening to NerdWallet’s podcast.
The NerdWallet Smart Money podcast
Your money questions, answered. This is the NerdWallet article. Have a money question? Talk to one of the Nerds. Text us or call us at 901-730-6373 or via email, and then sign up and listen to the podcast.
METRODOLOGY
The survey was conducted online in the United States by The Harris Poll on behalf of NerdWallet from June 14-16, 2022, among 239 U.S. adults ages 18 or older. The accuracy of sampling in Harris polls online is determined with a Bayesian credibility interval. In this case, the sample data is accurate to within the range of 2.8 percentage points with a 95% confidence level. For more information on the survey’s methodology, including weighting variables and subgroup sample sizes Contact Sarah Borland at
Disclaimer: NerdWallet does not make, specifically and implicitly, any warranties, whether implied or not, including those of quality and suitability for a specific purpose or whether the information contained in the article is true, reliable, or free of mistakes. Use or reliance on the information provided is at your own risk and its completeness and accuracy cannot be guaranteed. The information in this article should not be relied upon or associated with the future performance that of NerdWallet nor any of its affiliates or subsidiaries. Statements that do not refer to historically accurate are forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties as expressed in terms such as «believes,» «expects,» «estimates,» «may,» «will,» «should» or «anticipates» or similar phrases. These forward-looking statements may materially differ from the way NerdWallet presents information to analysts , as well as its actual financial and operational results.
Author bio Hal Bundrick is a personal finance writer as well as a NerdWallet authority in money matters. A certified financial planner as well as a former financial advisor.
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